{"id":2165,"date":"2004-01-06T21:11:38","date_gmt":"2004-01-06T21:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/alexpfaff.com\/?post_type=research-paper&#038;p=2165"},"modified":"2004-01-06T21:11:38","modified_gmt":"2004-01-06T21:11:38","slug":"aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/","title":{"rendered":"Aid, economic growth and environmental sustainability: rich-poor interactions and environmental choices in developing countries"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"authors\">Alexander Pfaff, Paulo Barelli, Shubham Chaudhuri<\/div>\n<div class=\"published\">Int. J. Global Environmental Issues (2004) volume 4 numbers 1\/2\/3: 139-159<\/div>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2004\/01\/PfaffBarelliChaudhuri-ExternalitiesAidGrowth.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2016\/06\/pdf-icon-50x50-1.png\" alt=\"PDF link icon\" \/><\/a>Rich-poor interactions complicate the search for a stable Environmental Kuznets Curve (an \u2018inverted U\u2019 relationship between income per-capita and environmental degradation). We show that aid from richer to poorer countries to support investments in environment, in either of two forms, alters the income-environment relationships that otherwise exist, lowering levels of degradation in the poorer countries conditional upon their incomes. Yet even with environmental aid, in our model environmental quality eventually falls as economic growth continues, although ongoing innovation could change that conclusion. In light of this result, we show that subsidies to clean goods, one form of technological-transfer aid programme, dominate income transfers as environmental aid policy by the rich. Given that aid matters, we then show that when rich countries degrade the environment, a perverse effect exists: when an aid-giving country becomes richer, it gives less aid to the poor country. This is stronger when that degradation is durable, that is, when consumption and degradation by the rich country in the past has durable effects upon the environment.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alexander Pfaff, Paulo Barelli, Shubham Chaudhuri Int. J. Global Environmental Issues (2004) volume 4 numbers 1\/2\/3: 139-159 Rich-poor interactions complicate the search for a stable Environmental Kuznets Curve (an \u2018inverted U\u2019 relationship between income per-capita and environmental degradation). We show that aid from richer to poorer countries to support investments in environment, in either of two forms, alters the income-environment relationships that otherwise exist, lowering levels of degradation in the poorer countries conditional upon their incomes. Yet even with environmental aid, in our model environmental quality eventually falls as economic growth continues, although ongoing innovation could change that conclusion. In light of this result, we show that subsidies to clean goods, one form of technological-transfer aid programme, dominate income transfers as environmental aid policy by the rich. Given that aid matters, we then show that when rich countries degrade the environment, a perverse effect exists: when an aid-giving country becomes richer, it gives less aid to the poor country. This is stronger when that degradation is durable, that is, when consumption and degradation by the rich country in the past has durable effects upon the environment. &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,25,47],"tags":[52,80,87,102,134,159],"class_list":["post-2165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7","category-air-quality-energy-use","category-theory","tag-aid","tag-development","tag-environment","tag-growth","tag-pollution","tag-technology","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Aid, economic growth and environmental sustainability: rich-poor interactions and environmental choices in developing countries - Alex Pfaff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aid, economic growth and environmental sustainability: rich-poor interactions and environmental choices in developing countries - Alex Pfaff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Alex Pfaff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2004-01-06T21:11:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2016\/06\/pdf-icon-50x50-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alex Pfaff\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alex Pfaff\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alex Pfaff\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/#\/schema\/person\/4d3b58aaa9cabdc85658ebde818146f2\"},\"headline\":\"Aid, economic growth and environmental sustainability: rich-poor interactions and environmental choices in developing countries\",\"datePublished\":\"2004-01-06T21:11:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/\"},\"wordCount\":198,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2016\/06\/pdf-icon-50x50-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"aid\",\"development\",\"environment\",\"growth\",\"pollution\",\"technology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"2004\",\"Air Quality &amp; Energy Use\",\"Conceptual\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.sanford.duke.edu\/alexpfaff\/2004\/01\/06\/aid-economic-growth-and-environmental-sustainability-rich-poor-interactions-and-environmental-choices-in-developing-countries\/\",\"name\":\"Aid, economic growth and environmental sustainability: rich-poor interactions and environmental choices in developing countries - 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